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Please contact me if you’re in the need of Genealogy related services (research, preparations, trips, etc).

You may contact me for any country
(such as Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Israel, etc).

Contact me and let’s discuss fees and further details about your request.

Tag: Poland

  • Tracing the Lost World of Galicia: On Board Europe’s New Longest Train Route

    Tracing the Lost World of Galicia: On Board Europe’s New Longest Train Route

    Starting July 31, 2026, European rail travel marks a quiet yet monumental milestone. Private operator Leo Express is transitioning its direct international service spanning over 1,900 kilometers from Frankfurt Airport in Germany all the way to Przemyśl Główny in southeastern Poland—just miles from the Ukrainian border—to an all-rail operation. Clocking in at 19 hours and 21 minutes, it officially stands as the longest continuous regular passenger train route in the European Union.

    While the service officially launched on June 25, Leo Express was required to temporarily operate replacement buses on the Polish sector due to an ongoing regulatory economic equilibrium test in Poland. With those regulatory proceedings now fully resolved, the route shifts completely to seamless rail travel along the entire corridor from July 31.

    Map of the Route from Przemyśl to Frankfurt – © Leo Express

    A Direct Passage into the Heart of Historic Galicia

    Beyond the major European transit hubs of Frankfurt, Dresden, Prague, and Ostrava, the train crosses into Poland and enters the historic realm of Galicia (Galičyna / Galicja)—a region that once formed the northeastern crownland of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. For centuries, Western and Eastern Europe collided and merged here, creating a vibrant cultural mosaic defined by Poles, Ukrainians, and a deeply rooted Jewish population.

    As the train rolls eastward from Kraków toward Przemyśl, it effectively acts as a moving window into the world of the historic shtetls—the small, predominantly Jewish market towns that formed the cultural, spiritual, and literary backbone of Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi Jewry before World War II.

    Highlighting the vision behind expanding the line, Leo Express CEO Peter Köhler stated:

    “Przemyśl is another major European agglomeration that Leo Express will connect with a direct international rail service. By extending the route to Przemyśl, we are fulfilling our vision of building international railway connections. Przemyśl is a natural gateway to Ukraine and an important transport hub in eastern Poland. This new service will make travelling easier for thousands of passengers and strengthen the connection between Western and Eastern Europe.”

    © Leo Express

    Station by Station: The Echoes of the Shtetls

    Once the train passes through Oświęcim and the historic city of Kraków, its stop list across southern Poland reads like an index of Jewish cultural heritage and Galician history: Bochnia, Brzesko Okocim, Tarnów, Dębica, Ropczyce, Sędziszów Małopolski, Rzeszów Główny, Łańcut, Przeworsk, Jarosław, Radymno, Przemyśl Zasanie, and Przemyśl Główny.

    • Tarnów: Before 1939, nearly half of Tarnów’s population was Jewish. Today, the preserved bimah of the Old Synagogue stands in the city center as a poignant monument, while the historic Jewish cemetery remains one of the largest and best-preserved in Southern Poland.
    • Dębica (Dembitz): A classic Galician market town where rich Yiddish literature, folklore, and Hasidic traditions flourished alongside regional trade routes.
    • Rzeszów (Reisha): Known historically in Yiddish as Reisha, this city was a major intellectual and commercial hub of Jewish Galicia, famed for its two grand 17th-century fortified synagogues (the Old Town and New Town synagogues).
    • Łańcut: World-famous for the stunning Łańcut Synagogue (built in 1761), an exquisite example of Baroque interior stucco and wall paintings, preserved through centuries of geopolitical turmoil.
    • Przeworsk & Jarosław: Historic trade centers along the San River, where Jewish merchants, artisans, and rabbis built vibrant communities that defined regional commerce for centuries.
    • Przemyśl: The terminus of the line. Situated on the San River, Przemyśl was a grand Austro-Hungarian fortress city and a multicultural gateway where Polish, Ukrainian, and Jewish traditions intermingled. Today, it stands again as a vital bridge between Western Europe and Ukraine.

    🚉 Full Route Corridor (47 Stations):

    Germany: Frankfurt (Main) Süd • Offenbach (Main) Hbf • Hanau Hbf • Fulda • Eisenach Hbf • Gotha • Erfurt Hbf • Weimar • Apolda • Naumburg (Saale) Hbf • Weissenfels • Leipzig Hbf (tief) • Dresden-Neustadt • Dresden Hbf • Bad Schandau

    Czech Republic: Děčín hl.n. • Ústí nad Labem • Kralupy n.Vltavou • Prague-Holešovice • Prague Main Station • Prague-Vršovice • Pardubice Main Station • Ústí nad Orlicí • Zábřeh na Moravě • Olomouc Main Station • Hranice na Moravě • Suchdol nad Odrou • Studénka • Ostrava-Svinov • Ostrava Main Station • Bohumín

    Poland: Oświęcim • Krakow Główny • Krakow Płaszów • Bochnia • Brzesko Okocim • Tarnów • Dębica • Ropczyce • Sędziszów Małopolski • Rzeszów Główny • Łańcut • Przeworsk • Jarosław • Radymno • Przemyśl Zasanie • Przemyśl Główny

    Timetable & Onboard Experience

    The route is operated with modernized RIC express coaches designed for international service, featuring air conditioning, Wi-Fi, and power sockets. From July 31, Leo Express is introducing Economy Sleeper couchettes (offering compartments for 1 to 4 passengers, with mixed and ladies-only options), expanding the train’s total capacity by 32 berths.

    Official Updated Timetable

    • Eastbound (LE 235):Frankfurt 15:03 → Dresden 22:30 → Prague 01:17 → Ostrava 05:19 → Przemyśl Główny 11:25
    • Westbound (LE 232):Przemyśl Główny 12:04 → Ostrava 18:14 → Prague 22:32 → Dresden 01:38 → Frankfurt 07:22

    (Note: Due to ongoing rail infrastructure works in Germany, timetables may vary on individual days. Passengers should verify specific departure times in the reservation system.)

    Fares & Booking Windows

    ClassFaresService Highlights
    Economy ClassFrom €9.90Standard seating, air conditioning, Wi-Fi, power outlets.
    Business ClassFrom €24.90Premium seating, extra legroom, onboard catering service.
    Economy Sleeper (Couchette)From €37.901–4 berth lie-flat compartments (mixed/ladies-only), breakfast included.
    • Booking Status: Tickets for the Polish section are currently open through August 29 (the end of the current Polish timetable cycle), with ticket sales for the subsequent period opening during August. Tickets for the Frankfurt – Bohumín / Ostrava section are already available for travel dates through December 12, 2026.

    References & Further Reading

  • Photos about prewar Jewish Life in Eastern-Europe

    I received recently via e-mail a slideshow with amazing photos about pre-war Jewish life in Eastern Europe.

    Enjoy it here:
    [gview file=”http://www.gershon-lehrer.be/downloads/slideshows/Jewish_Life_In_Poland%20(VIKY%20).pptx” save=1]I am not sure who created the slideshow, but the properties of the file mention a Landau Mickey and the file was created in 2006. If you believe that this is copyrighted and you are/know the owner, please contact me.

    Note (August 31, 2014): I have thankfully been made aware by Mrs. Diane Morton from Australia about the source of the photo’s:

    “Image Before My Eyes”
    A photographic History of Jewish Life in Poland, 1864-1939
    By Lucjan Dobroszycki & Barbara Kirshenblatt – Gimblett
    Printed in USA in 1987 Random House
    ISBN 0-8052-0634-5
    Published in co-operation with YIVO Institute for Jewish Research…
    Schocken Books New York.

    You can alternatively check the photos when you click on the following picture:

    Some other websites with photos:
    Museum of Family History
    Bagnówka
    Yad Vashem Photo Archive

  • Yizkor books on Polish towns and cities

    One of the families which I do descend from, is Kalech.
    Other cities of which I do know already that they lived there is: Ustrzyki, Ulucz and apparently also Tarnobrzeg (Dinow).

    There are some sources where you can get to the yizkor books, one such source is the yizkor Books Project on JewishGen (http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/). That project’s goal as stated on their site is

    Our goal is to facilitate access to Yizkor Books and the information contained in them 

    Another great source is the online repository of scanned yizkor books on the website of the Dorot Jewish Division at the New york Public Library: http://yizkor.nypl.org.
    The goal of the Dorot Jewish Division as stated on their website is:

    The Dorot Jewish Division is responsible for administering, developing and promoting the exploitation of one of the world’s great collections of Hebraica and Judaica. Reference and research services are available in a dedicated Jewish studies reading room on the first floor of the Library’s landmark Stephen A. Schwarzman Building. Contact us.

    Primary source materials are especially rich in the following areas: Jews in the United States, especially in New York in the age of immigration; Yiddish theater; Jews in the land of Israel, through 1948; Jews in early modern Europe, especially Jewish-Gentile relations; Christian Hebraism; antisemitism; and world Jewish newspapers and periodicals of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

    If you are interested in hardcopies of these yizkor books, you can (more…)

  • How long does it take to get files from Poland and are these sent at all?!

    I’ve recently been asked a couple times to explain how I did manage to receive successfully some files from the Polish archives and how long it took to get these files. Most of the people asking me this question, had some less good experiences. Some of them even never received a response at all from these archives.
    My own general observation is that there is barely communication besides the communication relating to ordering the copies. So when I ask them for example if they could translate the file in question, there is almost never a reply (on that question).
    Someone last week told me that it could be that if the applicant of the copies lives outside Europe, or if the requests are too complicated, that you may never get a response. I am not sure if it matters whether you are from Europe or not, but the latter possibility is of course something to consider before sending your requests. Therefore you should make sure to keep it as simple as possible. I used for example the order form on this page http://www.jewishgen.org/jri-pl/psa/orderform.htm as my template.
    Also make sure not to add any other questions. And if you have any other questions, ask them, but I would separate it and send another mail and may be even consider sending it on different dates.

    I put down in a table how long it took to get responses from the archive, where did I send my requests to, etc.

    Please share also your experience with the other visitors of this website. You can contact me and I’ll update the table (I hope the table with grow with the time):
    [table “16” not found /]

  • Translation of document from Tarnobrzeg Books of Residents

    I received the following document on May 27th, 2011 via e-mail from the state archive in Kielce (Archiwum Państwowe w Kielcach).
    The document, as written in the mail from the Kielce statearchive, is:

    […]skan dot. Izaka Kalecha z ksiÄ™gi meldunkowej miasta Tarnobrzega

    Meaning the following:

    […]a scan with Izak Kalech as reported in the book of the city of Tarnobrzeg

    The scan comes from the following collection (Thanks to Mr. Moshe Steinberg [m.steinberg -at- utoronto.ca] for the tip):

    Tarnobrzeg PSA Citizen List of delayed Births ,Lwow Wojewodztwa / Rzeszow Province (records in Fond 525 in Kielce Archive Sandomierz Branch)

    This is how the contents of the file appear on the website of jri-poland:
    [table “17” not found /]

    Mr. Witold Wrzosinski (a researcher based in Poland whose website is at http://avanim.pl. He who can be contacted via e-mail: w.wrzosinski-at-avanim.pl) explained me more about this document:
    [slider title=”click here to read what Mr. Witold Wrzosinski sent mee”]

    Dear Gershon,

    this is an entry from “ksiÄ™ga meldunkowa”. It is not a census, it’s a “registration book”. Such books were introduced in various cities and towns in Poland in the second half of the XIXth century. Usually there was one for every street, with all houses and apartments listed along with their inhabitants. The house owners had to write down every birth, marriage or death in the house and the information was regularly collected. These books were official documents, kept by city clerks. They are a great source of information, but not much of them survived.

    Best regards
    Witold Wrzosinski,
    Warsaw, Poland

    As my question in which year this file was added to the book:

    Gershon,

    Such books were often kept for years and updated, but here the document does not seem to contain any updates, so it’s a little different kind of registration book. According to the Polish archives databases, there are four surviving sets of documents from Tarnobrzeg that could fit – a census from 1880 (but it is most probably in Russian, so I would exclude it), a census from 1931/32 (but it’s simply a census, not a “registration book”), a “book of migrations” from 1901-1905 (but it is also most probably in Russian) and finally my type, the “book of the Tarnobrzeg disctrict inhabitants” from 1925. Maybe they have planned to keep it updated and gave up or maybe the idea was different from the beginning – I don’t know. Anyway, all the documents are part of the Fond 525 in Kielce Archive Sandomierz Branch.

    Best regards,
    WW

    and finally regarding the 5th column with ‘Gdzie przynależny’:

    No, it means literally “belongs to” and I guess this applies to either the place he was born in Ulucz), which belonged to the larger district of Ustrzyki or maybe he was still registered in the Ustrzyki district office while living in Tarnobrzeg. Also, the year 1925 is just a guess – I would give it 75% of probability.

    Best regards,
    WW

    [/slider]
    (Please add your comments below or if you prefer, send me a personal mail via this link):

    Transcription: (more…)

  • Translation of extract from the registry of engaged to be married Jews from Brozózow

    I received the following document on May 12th, 2011 via e-mail from the Statearchive in Rseszow (Archiwum Państwowe w Rzeszowie).
    This document is an extract from the registry of engaged Jews with an entry for Kalech-Stieber from Brozozów:

    Transcription:
    Wyciąg z matryk narzeczonych izraelitów
    1885-1937
    [table “8” not found /]

    Translation:
    Extract from the registry of engaged Jews
    1885-1937
    [table “10” not found /]

    Further details on these records: Brzozow PSA B1885-1907 Marriages/Lwow Wojewodztwa / Rzeszow Province (records in Fond 16 in Sanok Archive) (see www.jri-poland.org)

  • Translation of extract from the list of married and unmarried Jewish families

    I received the following document on May 12th, 2011 via e-mail from the Statearchive in Rseszow (Archiwum Państwowe w Rzeszowie).
    This document is an extract from the the list of married and unmarried Jewish families with an entry for Kalech-Stieber from Brozozów:

    Transcription:
    Wykaz ślubnych i nieślubnych rodzin izrael
    [table “7” not found /]

    Translation:
    List of married and unmarried Jewish families
    [table “9” not found /]

    For further details on these records: Brzozow PSA B1885-1907 Marriages/Lwow Wojewodztwa / Rzeszow Province (records in Fond 16 in Sanok Archive) (see www.jri-poland.org)